The first mention of the village of Troitsky Sungur dates back to 1615. It was founded as one of the border points of the Russian state. That year, a стрелецкий голова (a head of the archers) named Sungur Sokovkin was sent from Kazan to the mouth of the Usa River. The chronicle reports that he was instructed to "go to the crossing, where to transfer from the Volga to the Usa River, and, having chosen a strong place, build a fortress and fortify it, and then stand with great caution." Sungur Sokovkin fulfilled this task. Probably, that is why the fortress was named after him, although according to other sources, Sungur means "pit," and the village is located in a lowland among the forests, which could also have influenced the name.

The next mention of the village refers to the year 1700. The first settlers, the military men Daniil Vislov and Andrey Rogov, received this land from Peter I for their merits. The lands stretched from the Samaykinskaya edge across the Syzran River to the mouth of the Kanasaevskaya River. Vislov and Rogov invited several families of retired soldiers here, so the village was initially called Soldier Sungur. From the very beginning, it was inhabited by Russians. The chronicle does not report from which provinces the first settlers arrived.

In 1718, the Simbirsk province was formed, which included Syzran and its district. On September 15, 1780, Catherine II issued a charter for the establishment of the Simbirsk governorate from thirteen districts, including Syzran. Troitsky Sungur was part of the Syzran district of the Simbirsk governorate. In 1785, T.G. Maslenitsky wrote that the local residents mainly engaged in agriculture, from which they earned their livelihood. They sold their harvest in Syzran and handmade products at the Karsun fair in June.

In 1771, a large church was built in the village in honor of the Holy Trinity instead of a small church, after which the village began to be called Troitsky Sungur. The church was surrounded by a wooden fence, and there was a wooden burial vault nearby. The clergy of the Trinity Church consisted of a priest and a psalmist, who received an annual salary from the treasury of 300 and 100 rubles, respectively. The clergy's houses were public and located on church land, which included 1 десятина (a unit of area) of homesteads and 66 десятин of arable and hay land.

By the decree of Paul I on October 26, 1796, the Simbirsk governorate was renamed to a province. In 1860, a zemstvo school opened in the village of Troitsky Sungur in the Syzran district of the Simbirsk province.