According to Patriarchal books, the parish church "Kira and Ioann under Simonov, in Kozhevniki" was founded in the Kozhevennaya sloboda in the first half of the 17th century. According to clerical records from 1686-1688, the church was rebuilt by the decree of Tsars Ivan and Peter Alexeyevich, as well as Tsarevna Sofia Alexeyevna, on land allocated from the Palace Kozhevnicheskoye meadow, and was consecrated on August 17, 1702.

The exact date of the bell tower's construction is unknown, but it is believed to have been erected before 1714, when stone construction was prohibited. It is possible that the bell tower was designed by architect I.P. Zarudny. In the following years, the church complex underwent changes: a refectory with two chapels was built between the bell tower and the quadrangle, completed by 1766. The gallery of the bell tower was constructed between 1767 and 1772. Major Moscow fires in 1737 and 1812 did not cause significant damage to the Trinity Church; it only suffered slight charring.

In 1823, at the request of clergy and parishioners, the church was surrounded by a stone fence. The decorative design of various parts of the complex (the church, bell tower, refectory with chapels) lacks stylistic unity. The facades of the church feature elements of "Moscow Baroque": window openings framed by three-quarter columns with Ionic capitals, and entrances adorned with carved white-stone portals with twisted columns and Corinthian capitals. The ribs of the octagonal drums are highlighted by thin columns. The church had rich interior decoration thanks to donations from Moscow merchants the Bakhrushins. Alexei Alexandrovich Bakhrushin, the founder of the Theater Museum, was married in this church.

The bell tower is decorated with elements characteristic of mid-18th century Baroque: stucco garlands, angel heads, and volutes. The corners of the octagonal tiers are adorned with pilasters. The facades of the gallery are divided by pilasters and columns of the Corinthian order, while the central parts of the facades are decorated with arched pediments featuring the image of Archangel Michael. The refectory with chapels is decorated with cornices, pilasters, and finials on the octagonal drums.

The Trinity Church, due to its height and silhouette, was a visual dominant of the low-rise buildings in the Kozhevnicheskaya sloboda. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, the church owned a significant plot of land, which housed the clergy's houses and a charitable institution. With the city's expansion, the area became populated with industrial enterprises and multi-story buildings, and a railway appeared. The church's plot was almost completely built up: factory buildings appeared next to the church, and in the 1930s, a school building. In 1935, the church was closed and looted. Later, it housed warehouses, residential spaces, and a factory workshop, and then workshops of the All-Union Production Scientific Restoration Combine.

The first restoration project for the Trinity Church was developed in 1953-1954, and restoration work on the bell tower was carried out in 1972-1974. In 1983, a restoration project was completed to adapt it for a concert hall for the State Chamber Choir of the Ministry of Culture of the USSR. Restoration took place from 1983 to 1994, but the adaptation was not realized, as in 1992 the church was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church.