The Church in the name of the Holy Trinity was built in 1598 by order of Boris Godunov, who had recently become the Tsar of Moscow, in the village of Khoroshevo, his estate. The palace that stood nearby was later dismantled, and the Khoroshevo church remained the only part of the Godunov palace ensemble. The name "Khoroshevo" is associated with the beauty of these places. During the Time of Troubles, when the camp of False Dmitry II was in Tushino, his supporters referred to the former estate of Godunov as "the monastery of Nekhorohevo."

The church was built after the model of the Small Cathedral of the Don Monastery, erected five years earlier: almost cubic in shape, with one dome and a row of kokoshniks. There is a version that both churches were built by the architect Fyodor Kon, who also created the wall of the White City in Moscow and the Smolensk Kremlin. However, there are differences: in the Don Cathedral, the chapels appeared later, while in Khoroshevo they were built immediately, which is related to the special status of the church. One chapel was consecrated in honor of Boris and Gleb, the other, in the name of Theodore Stratilates, the patrons of Boris Godunov and his son Fyodor.

Particular attention is drawn to the row of kokoshniks that crowns the church. Previously, round glazed dishes from the Turkish city of Iznik were located in their semicircles, but now their remnants are kept in a museum, and only the indentations remain on the facade.

Over time, the appearance of the temple changed. First, the narrow windows were enlarged, then in the mid-17th century a covered gallery on arcades appeared around the square base. In 1745, a new three-tiered bell tower was built over the western entrance to replace the old belfry. In 1845, part of the gallery was replaced, and the existing refectory was constructed. Various parts of the church from the 16th and 19th centuries were united. The interiors also changed: the original iconostasis did not survive, the walls and vaults were repainted, the carvings on the portals were planed down, the chapels were expanded, and their western walls were demolished. However, the foundation of the ancient church remained almost unchanged.

In the summer of 1939, services ceased, and the building housed a children's consultation and a collective farm club. In 1963-64, architect B.L. Altshuller conducted a detailed study and restoration of the temple, clarifying its dating and architectural features. After that, the building housed a workshop of an offset printing factory, then a salon "Colored Stones." In 1989, the first service was held in the church, marking the beginning of the gradual transfer of the building to the Orthodox community.