This church, now non-existent, was located near the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery at the intersection of Esplanadnaya and Smolensk streets. Its history begins in the 17th century when the territory of the White City began to transform into a densely populated settlement. While the western part of the city was the center of trade, and the central and southern parts were residential areas for the streltsy, the northeastern part remained sparsely populated. Only in the early 1670s did a fishermen's settlement appear here, between the Spaso-Preobrazhensky and Ascension monasteries. This location was conveniently situated near the Kosy, or Isadny, gates of the White City, which opened directly onto the navigable Kutum River. Along its banks was the Astrakhan market Isady, where fishermen could sell their catch immediately. The settlement developed and prospered. Soon after its founding, the first mentions of the Smolensk church appeared, associated with the new parish that included the residents of the settlement. It is possible that they built the first wooden church.

The church was named in honor of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God, known as "Odigitria" or "Guide." This icon protected travelers and fishermen who entrusted themselves to her care. The appearance of the church may have been linked to the arrival in Astrakhan of a copy of the miraculous Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God. Although the exact date of this copy's appearance is unknown, it was kept in the church as a great shrine from the very beginning.

In 1728, Astrakhan merchant Fyodor Cherpakov appealed to Bishop Varlaam Lenitsky for permission to build a new stone Smolensk church. On January 19, 1728, he received a decree for the construction, and by 1737, the building was completed.

On November 10, 1737, Bishop Ilarion consecrated the newly built church.

In 1923, the Smolensk church was seized by the Renovationists. In 1928, a decision was made at a meeting of the Presidium of the district executive committee to close the church on Trusova Street, 60. The building was deemed dilapidated and in need of significant repairs. Since the Renovationist community had no funds for repairs and maintenance, the church was closed, and its property was transferred to the State Fund. On January 5, 1930, the building of the former Smolensk church was sold for demolition. The church was demolished that same year. Now, on this site stands a two-story residential building at the corner of Trusova and Shelgunova streets, 30/10.