Exact data on the time of construction of the first church in Ermov has not survived. However, from the documents of the Patriarchal Treasury, it can be concluded that in 1717 a church was established in Ermov in the name of Cosmas and Damian from a chapel, and church land was delineated at that time.

In 1746, with the permission of Bishop Serapion of Pereslavl, a church was transferred to Ermov from the village of Yelpatyevo, located at the cemetery by the Nerl River. It is likely that the old church in Ermov either fell into disrepair or burned down. However, the new church soon burned down due to a lightning strike. In its place, another wooden church was built, but after 30 years it also burned down due to the negligence of the sexton, and the parishioners had to erect a new one.

In 1764, at the initiative of priest Ioann Emelyanov, the construction of a stone church began. In 1797, the refectory was consecrated in the name of Saints Cosmas and Damian, and in 1800 the construction of the main church and bell tower was completed. The main altar was consecrated in honor of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

The decoration of the new church was continued by the builder's son, priest Philip Ivanovich Podlipsky, who was assisted by his brother, Archbishop Pavel of Chernigov. Living in retirement at Danilov Monastery in Pereslavl, he supported the church financially. The main altar was adorned with a silver-plated copper vestment with embossed sacred images. The church was well supplied with utensils, vestments, holy icons, and liturgical books, mainly thanks to Archbishop Pavel. The church library preserved books donated by him.

Since 1884, a church parish school has been operating in Ermov.