The church is located on Mukomolny Lane, previously known as Petromitropolitansky, on the territory of the former flour mill No. 1. It was built in 1657 with funds from merchant Yefrem Lifantyev. The main altar was consecrated in honor of the Assembly of the Mother of God, and on either side of the altar were placed the cold chapel of Andrew the First-Called and the warm chapel in the name of Saint Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow.

In the 17th century, the Petromitropolitan Church was one of the main high points on the left bank of the Kotorosli River, between the churches of the Epiphany and Nikolai Mokry. It was the first stone church in the Spasskaya artisan settlement of Yaroslavl. In the 18th century, the first Yaroslavl governor-general Alexei Petrovich Melgunov was a parishioner of the church.

Initially, the temple had an elongated square shape, topped with two stone tents. The square was covered with a heavy vault supported by walls up to 2 meters thick. The foundation on the side of the Kotorosli was made of large boulders. A refectory with four pillars adjoined the square. A tented bell tower was attached to the wider northern nave, and a high porch led to the refectory from the west.

The church's decor was modest: the corners of the square were adorned with pilasters, and a narrow strip of brickwork and four rows of masonry ran along the upper part. The windows had no frames, and above them were niches with icon images of the "Assembly of the Mother of God" and "Yaroslavl Saints." Inside the church, there were 15 voice openings connecting it with the churches of Rostov. The architecture of the church changed significantly in the 18th and 19th centuries.

From June 13, 1760, to June 30, 1761, the walls of the church were decorated with frescoes. Seven Yaroslavl masters participated in their creation. In the center of the vault is depicted the New Testament Trinity, scenes of the Annunciation and the Adoration of the Magi, as well as prophets and the Mother of God "Znamenie." The walls are divided into three tiers: the upper one with gospel scenes, the lower one dedicated to the Passion of Christ. Above the western portal is depicted the Mother of God of Vladimir, supported by angels, and nearby are scenes of the "Flight into Egypt," "Rescue of the Mother of God under the Fig Tree," and "Fall of Idols." In the central altar on the vault is depicted "Christ, You are a priest forever," on the western half of the vault "Seven Sacraments," in the altar "Proskomedia," and in the deacon's room "Crowning of the Mother of God" and scenes from the life of Andrew the First-Called.

The frescoes of the church were restored twice in the 1840s and by restorer Kuznetsov in the 1900s. In 1918, the church was damaged by artillery fire. In 1929, the building was prepared for demolition, and the refectory, bell tower, and porch were dismantled. Restorer N.I. Bryagin removed the frescoes using the method of I.A. Tikhomirov and P.N. Dogadushkin. Some frescoes were sold abroad, while others are kept in the State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg and the Yaroslavl Art Museum. The date of the church's closure is unknown.