In the early 19th century, the Old Believer community in Volsk had a charitable institution and a chapel dedicated to the Honorable and Life-Giving Cross of the Lord, known as the Lvov Chapel. It likely appeared on the site of an older 18th-century structure. This beautiful wooden building was closed in 1826 by the new governor Golitsyn, who began a campaign against the Old Believers. After the crosses were removed from the domes, the chapel reopened and functioned for a long time. In 1856, by order of Emperor Alexander II, it was finally closed, and the property was transferred to the Holy Synod. In the early 20th century, the building was purchased by Old Believers of the priestly consent, and after restoration on September 14, 1912, the crosses were returned to the domes. The lower floor reopened a charitable institution for elderly monks. The Soviet authorities permanently closed the chapel, and to this day, the building has not survived.

On May 23, 1806, the community of believers received permission to build a large Old Believer church. By 1816, construction was nearly complete, but a ban on the opening of Old Believer churches in Volsk delayed the consecration of the church until February 6, 1845, when it became a unified church. The altar was consecrated in honor of the Nativity of Christ. In 1847, merchant A. P. Sapozhnikov built a bell tower nearby with an altar in honor of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which was considered an independent church until 1857, when it was connected to the Nativity Church by a stone passage. The clergy included two priests and two psalmists who lived in church houses. The parish included a church men's school and a stone cemetery church in honor of the Resurrection of Christ, built by Sapozhnikov on his father's grave in 1832 and converted to unity in 1849.

After the revolution, the Nativity Church was closed and completely dismantled in 1932, with a residential quarter built in its place.

After the closure of the Lvov Chapel, Old Believer merchant F. N. Novikov built an illegal runaway priest's prayer house in 1860, where services were secretly held. Nearby, his daughter erected a stone church in honor of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, where worship began in July 1886. During the Soviet era, the church, closed in 1933, reopened as Orthodox until 1936. Later, it housed a winery, a sewing factory, and a sports school. At the end of 1987, the Old Believer community in Volsk reopened, and a year later, a church was set up in an adapted house. After the return of the heavily reconstructed building of the Assumption Church, it was decided to dismantle the desecrated church by the blessing of Archbishop Gennady Antonov. A new one was built from its bricks, consecrated in honor of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul.