In 1835, thanks to the efforts of landowner Karpov and local residents, a stone church with a bell tower was built in the village. The altar of the church was consecrated in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord. The clergy included a priest and a psalmist, for whom church houses were provided. The church was associated with the villages of Lyubavino, located 6 versts away, and Yelkhovka, situated 9 versts away. In 1914, a two-class zemstvo school was opened.

The church was served by priests Stepan Sergievsky, Vasily Karamzin, Viktor Serebryakov, Andrey and Lev Lebedev. The deacon was Ioan Irgizov. The sacristans were Vasily Nardov and Alexey Kolerov. The psalmists were Stefan Kostalsky, Ivan Krylov, and Iakov Timofeyev.

According to reports from the Tatishevsky District Executive Committee, the church was closed and partially destroyed in 1931. In 1937, the building was inspected by a commission and was converted into a grain storage facility and warehouse.

By 1917, there were over 900 churches and monasteries in the Saratov diocese, but by 1937, not a single functioning church remained. Many churches were destroyed or repurposed into clubs and warehouses. The church in Sleptsovka survived, although it suffered during the Soviet era. When the bell tower was blown up, bricks fell on nearby houses, so the idea of blowing up the church itself was abandoned, and it was used as a grain storage facility. To facilitate truck access, one column was removed, but the walls remained intact. The cemetery next to the church was destroyed, and local residents took the marble tombstones. By the 1990s, the church was abandoned.

In 1991, the Orthodox community began to revive in Sleptsovka, and the church building was returned to the parish. With the efforts of the parishioners, the walls, windows, and doors were partially restored. By the blessing of Archbishop Pimen of Saratov and Volsk, church services resumed in the warm season.

On October 9, 2013, by the blessing of Metropolitan Longin of Saratov and Volsk, the parish of the Church of St. Nicholas in Sleptsovka became a dependency of the Holy-Nikolsky Male Monastery. Hieromonk Tikhon Chernov was appointed as the rector.

On April 14, 2015, bells were consecrated in the Church of St. Nicholas. The rite of consecration was conducted by igumen Nikon Polyakov along with the monastery residents: hieromonk Tikhon Chernov, hieromonk Veniamin Kirillov, and hierodeacon Eleutherius Nikiforov. After the consecration, the bell was installed on the belfry, and the Easter ringing sounded.

The church building is an object of historical and cultural heritage of regional significance.