The stone temple was built in 1739 on the site of an old wooden church, constructed in 1663. The main cold altar was located on the second floor, while the first floor housed a warm winter church dedicated to Saint and Miracle Worker Nicholas.

The church, designed in the Naryshkin Baroque style, is currently in a semi-ruined state, although its main composition has been preserved.

The Church of the Moscow Miracle Workers has always had a small congregation, around 80 people in the early 20th century, consisting of a few Orthodox residents in an area predominantly inhabited by Muslims. Due to the small number of parishioners, the church remained small, was hardly ever rebuilt, and often faced financial difficulties.

In the 1870s, the head of the church was the well-known Kazan architect Pyotr Ivanovich Romanov. In 1897, the head became merchant Sergey Andreyevich Zemlyanov, under whom and mainly with his funds the church was repaired.

In 1898, a chapel was built by the fence in memory of Alexander III, which still stands on Kirov Street. The building where the clergy lived and the church school was located has also been preserved, and is now a kindergarten. In the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the diocesan authorities usually appointed priests to the Church of the Moscow Miracle Workers who held other teaching or administrative positions, as the small congregation did not provide a livelihood and did not require much effort. For example, Kronid Petrovich Veselitsky, who served in the church from 1902 to 1912, was a law teacher at women's gymnasiums, and his successor Dmitry Ivanovich Tsarevsky was the treasurer of the Diocesan Educational Council. D.I. Tsarevsky served until the church's closure in 1929.

A month after the closure, the vacant church attracted the attention of builders from the Tatpromstroy felt and shoe factory, who wanted to use the building as a school for factory managers. The organizational department of the Central Executive Committee of the Tatar Republic decided not to demolish the church, but to use it as a warehouse for Soyuzkhleb. However, in March 1932, the chairman of the KGS proposed to the head of the KZhStroy office to begin dismantling several churches, including the Church of the Moscow Miracle Workers. Work began with the bell tower, but not actively, so it has survived to this day in a semi-ruined state. In 1933, the church building was finally destroyed. For a long time, a kindergarten was located in the rectory, and in September 2000, the remaining structures of the Church of the Moscow Miracle Workers were transferred to the Raifa Monastery.