Initially, the residents of the village of Novy Orenburg, now known as Schmidt Village, had to travel a significant distance over rough terrain to the nearest city church, Petropavlovsk, which created inconveniences. Over time, they collectively built a small prayer house, which soon became cramped.

In 1908, a new wooden prayer house on a stone foundation was built with the funds of V.M. Suroshnikov. On January 15, 1909, it was consecrated in honor of Archangel Michael. However, it too could not accommodate all the believers, as the village's population continued to grow.

In 1915, the construction of a new stone church began, with significant donations from V.I. Pustoshkin and E.I. Ivanova. On November 13, 1915, the church was consecrated in the name of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos. The consecration was conducted by the exarch of Georgia, Archbishop Pitirim, who arrived in Samara the day before, in co-service with Michael, Bishop of Samara and Stavropol. This event was particularly significant for the Samara residents, as the church was laid during the time when Pitirim was the Bishop of Samara and Stavropol, at the end of 1913 and mid-1914. One of the side chapels of the new church was consecrated on April 17, 1915. The main altar was consecrated in the name of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos, the right one in honor of the Archangel Michael, and the left one in honor of the Venerable Basil the Confessor. This church became the last one built in Samara and its surroundings before the revolution.

The church building was used for its intended purpose for just over 10 years. On September 17, 1929, by the decision of the presidium of the Samara City Council, the church in the village of Novy Orenburg was closed and handed over to the city education department for a school. In 1930, the building was repurposed as a club for railway workers. During the Great Patriotic War, it housed an evacuation hospital, and in 1947, it became an epidemiological hospital for the railway department. In the following years, the former church housed a gym, and during the perestroika period, a cooperative.