The village of Kozmodemyanovka, also known as Kosmodamianskaya, was founded by settlers from the village of Peresypkino, who were palace peasants. The first mention of the village appears in historical documents of the Tambov diocese. In 1790, a wooden church was built in Kozmodemyanovka in honor of Cosmas and Damian. In 1840, with the funds of the parishioners, a stone church was erected on the site of the old wooden temple, with the main altar dedicated to Saints Cosmas and Damian and a chapel for Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker. The architectural ensemble of the church includes a square base with a small light octagon and a dome. To the east, three semicircles of the altar apse adjoin it, and to the west, there is a refectory and a majestic three-tiered bell tower. The northern and southern facades, as well as the pediments of the refectory, are adorned with small domes. The church was closed in 1935 but was reopened for believers in 1944. In 1946, a chapel for Saint Pitirim was added.

The village has 606 households, with 2384 men and 2400 women, all of whom are Great Russians engaged in agriculture. Each resident has 18 fathoms of allotted land in each of the three fields. The parish includes the Chelnovaya River, the Round and Long Lakes, as well as a small peasant forest.

There are zemstvo and parish schools in the village. The law teacher in the zemstvo school receives 90 rubles a year. There is also a parish charity and a savings and loan association. An inventory of church property and metric books has been maintained since 1789.

The church staff consists of two priests, a deacon, and two psalmists. The clergy have 57 desyatinas and 1450 square fathoms of arable land, 1 desyatina and 350 square fathoms of non-arable land, and 7 desyatinas and 2300 square fathoms of homestead land. The arable land is located in one place, 7 versts from the church. The clergy's capital amounts to 4885 rubles, while the church's capital is 1900 rubles. The houses of the clergy are owned by them.