In 1731, Empress Anna Ioannovna issued a decree aimed at strengthening the eastern borders of Russia. As part of this, the design of the New-Zakamsk defensive line and the construction of fortresses began. One of these settlements became modern Kalinovka, previously known as the village of Kobelma, where newly baptized Kalmyks lived. In 1769, a wooden church was built in this settlement with state funds. However, in 1885, the church burned down, and Archbishop of Samara Serafim Protopopov ordered the construction of a new stone church, funded by donations from parishioners. On September 1, 1902, the church was consecrated in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God by Bishop Guriy.

In the 1930s, the church was closed, and from 1936 to 1988, the building was used as a grain storage facility. In 1991, at the initiative of a group of parishioners, church life was revived, and repairs to the temple began, which continue to this day.