In 1899, a wooden church was built in the village of Kalmantai in honor of the Protection of the Most Holy Theotokos, funded by the Saratov Diocesan Committee of the Orthodox Missionary Society. The church had one altar and no bell tower. The right part of the building housed the temple, while the other part was used for parish school activities. Over time, the village grew, and when the church could no longer accommodate all the parishioners, it was decided to build a new church with a bell tower.

In 1912, a new church was erected with funds from local residents, consecrated on October 14 in honor of the Protection of the Most Holy Theotokos. The old building continued to be used as a church-parish school.

In the 1920s, the old church building was converted into a seven-year school. In November 1929, the new church was closed, and the crosses were removed. The last priest, Peter Sergeyevich Sergeev, was repressed in 1930, and the church building became a grain storage facility. In 1953, the church was dismantled, and from its logs, a new school was built, which opened in 1957 and is still operational today.

In September 2016, the residents of Kalmantai appealed to the ruling archbishop of the Saratov diocese with a request to open an Orthodox church in the village. It was decided to restore the church in the building of the first wooden church, which has survived to this day. With the efforts of the Orthodox community, repairs were made in the premises, an iconostasis was installed, and everything necessary for worship was acquired. On January 5, 2017, with the blessing of Metropolitan Longin of Saratov and Volsk, the dean of the Volsk district, Archpriest Ilya Kuznetsov, along with the clergy, performed the rite of placing the Antimension and the first Divine Liturgy.

On April 13, 2017, also with the blessing of Metropolitan Longin, Archpriest Ilya Kuznetsov and the clergy consecrated the bells for the church's bell tower. On April 22, 2017, on the Saturday of Bright Week, the first Archpastoral service took place in the restored church.