According to the decree of the Kharkiv Spiritual Consistory, the old hospital church, which was a small room, was abolished. In this space, now a sewing workshop for the mentally ill, it was so cramped and uncomfortable that it became hard to breathe with a large crowd. Many patients could not withstand the stuffiness and fainted, so visits to the church were organized in turns. The question of building a new, more spacious and hygienic church was extremely urgent. Father G. Belyaev repeatedly appealed to the authorities to address this issue, but discussions at zemstvo meetings did not lead to concrete actions.

The first to take real steps towards the construction of a new church was Leonid Dmitrievich Lesevitsky, a member of the Provincial Administration. Being close to the hospital and aware of the needs of the hospital church, in 1900 he proposed to create a fund of 10,000 rubles for the construction of a new church, saving 1,000 rubles annually over 10 years. Lesevitsky persistently defended this proposal, and hope for the construction of a new church began to take shape.

The rapid growth of the hospital and the large number of patients in need of spiritual support prompted the church clergy to appeal to the Provincial Administration to expedite the construction of the church. However, despite the support of the Administration, the government refused assistance, and hopes for quick construction began to fade. In 1904, the clergy again requested 12,000 rubles for the construction of a new church, and with the support of the chairman of the Administration, Vasily Grigorievich Kolokoltsov, the Provincial Zemstvo Assembly agreed to allocate the necessary amount.

Construction of the new church began in the spring of 1905 based on the project by Mikhail Ivanovich Lovtsov, who supervised the work with special care. However, the allocated funds were insufficient, and the church was only partially completed. In 1906, the clergy requested additional funds to complete the construction, and ultimately the Provincial Assembly allocated the necessary amount. The construction of the church was completed by November 23, 1907.

On November 22, 1907, at 6 PM, with a large gathering of believers, the church's rector, Father M. Slutsky, conducted the first all-night vigil. The next day, November 23, the new church was solemnly consecrated by Archbishop Arseniy of Kharkiv and Akhtyrka. After the consecration, the first Liturgy was held, during which the Archbishop addressed those present with a heartfelt speech. At the end of the service, long life was proclaimed for the Emperor, the Holy Synod, and the builders of the church. The ceremony was attended by the Provincial Leader of the Nobility N.A. Rebinder, other honored guests, doctors, and many patients and staff.