The State Biological Museum named after K. A. Timiryazev in Moscow, founded in 1922, is a natural science museum. Since 1934, it has been located in a building that is a federal architectural monument, which was previously the Museum of Russian Antiquities of Pyotr Ivanovich Shchukin.

The idea of creating the museum belongs to Professor B. M. Zavadovsky, who in 1920, while head of the biology department at the Y. M. Sverdlov University, began this work. In the spring of 1921, the university allocated several halls for the museum in a building on Miusskaya Square, and the official opening took place on May 7, 1922. The museum was named after Kliment Arkadyevich Timiryazev, whom Zavadovsky considered his teacher.

Zavadovsky, a well-known specialist in physiology and endocrinology, studied under N. K. Koltsov and I. P. Pavlov. He actively promoted science, having written more than 30 popular science books and brochures. In his opinion, the museum should actively interact with visitors, so the square on Miusskaya Square became part of the exhibition, where classes were held with schoolchildren.

At the end of 1934, thanks to the petition of A. M. Gorky, the museum moved to a complex of buildings on Malaya Gruzinskaya Street. Due to the relocation and reconstruction of Moscow, work on Miusskaya Square was halted and transferred to other parts of the city, including the Gorky Central Park of Culture and Leisure. Here, visitors could observe various scientific experiments.

Work in the park pavilions was conducted from May to September, while during the rest of the time, especially in winter, traveling exhibitions were held. In May 1939, the museum organized an exhibition on evolutionary theory at the theater 'Science and Knowledge' on Arbat.

Over the years, the museum has developed, and today an extensive exhibition covering an area of 900 m² is presented, the largest in Russia. It includes themes such as 'Nature and Man', 'The Animal World', 'The Plant World', 'Animal Physiology and Anatomy', 'Plant Physiology', 'Evolutionary Theory', 'The Development of Life on Earth', and 'The Origin and Evolution of Man'. Guided tours and practical classes for schoolchildren and students are conducted. The museum actively participates in various festivals and community clean-up days, as well as collaborates with scientific and public organizations, taking part in federal biological and ecological programs.