In the 19th century, near the settlement of Belogorye, on the high right bank of the Don River (now Podgoren District), there existed a complex of cave and above-ground monastic buildings. In 1796, Cossack Maria Shersyukova, with the support of local peasants, began work on creating a cave temple. Local authorities prohibited the construction of caves until 1817, when Alexander I approved Shersyukova's initiative and allocated funds for the creation of the cave temple of Alexander Nevsky. From that moment, construction was carried out under the supervision of provincial architects.

By the end of the 19th century, the length of the caves reached about 2.2 km. Some rooms were decorated with relief decor carved into the chalk walls. In the 1860s, conditions arose for the establishment of a monastery at the Belogorsky caves: the influx of believers increased, and arable lands, forests, and gardens were donated. In 1864, a petition was submitted, and in 1866 the monastery was founded, but officially opened only in 1882. The Holy Synod approved the creation of the male Belogorsky Voskresensky Monastery with the condition of organizing a charitable institution. In 1885, a school-orphanage with craft classes for 30 boys was opened. The above-ground complex of the monastery, located on a hill above the caves, began to take shape in the 1860s. By the end of the 19th century, there were churches of the Resurrection of Christ and the Ascension of the Lord, a bell tower with a sacristy, the abbot's and brethren's buildings, a hotel, a school-orphanage, as well as service and economic buildings. In 1915, the construction of a new Voskresensky Cathedral began. The monastery occupied 18 desyatins of land and owned 213 desyatins of arable land and forests. The main income of the monastery came from pilgrims. About 25 brethren with novices and more than 70 pilgrims constantly resided in the monastery. In early 1918, the monastery's lands were nationalized, and in 1922, the monastery was officially closed. In the 1920s-30s, the above-ground buildings were sold for demolition.

During the Great Patriotic War, the occupiers blew up the Belogorsky caves to avoid the gathering of partisans. Today, only part of the cave complex of the Belogorsky Voskresensky Monastery has survived, measuring about 800 meters with numerous vaulted corridors, prayer rooms, chapels, and cells. The above-ground buildings have not survived, but the monastery is being restored.