The Voronezh Regional Literary Museum named after I.S. Nikitin unites several museums under a common leadership and a single scientific and methodological council. It includes the Merchant Administration Building, the I.S. Nikitin House Museum, the M.N. Mordasova Apartment Museum, the Tyurin House, and the D.V. Venevitinov Estate Museum.

On October 4, 1924, in honor of the 100th anniversary of Ivan Nikitin, the poet's House Museum was opened in the former estate of the Nikitins. The foundation of its collection consisted of preserved exhibits from the Provincial Museum, which existed in 1894 and 1914. Professor Alexey Putintsev from Voronezh State University played a key role in the creation of the museum. Before the city was occupied during World War II, the museum's collections were evacuated. In 1953, the I.S. Nikitin House Museum was fully restored.

In 1984, the Merchant Administration Building came under the museum's management. In 1994, the museum was reorganized and received a new official name, the Voronezh Regional Literary Museum named after I.S. Nikitin. The I.S. Nikitin House Museum and the D.V. Venevitinov Estate Museum became its subdivisions, while the Merchant Administration Building became the main building of the museum, housing the collections and permanent exhibitions, as well as the scientific staff and administration.

In 2005, a new subdivision, the M.N. Mordasova Apartment Museum, was opened. In 2009, the Tyurin House was incorporated into the museum. Throughout its existence, the museum has become one of the largest repositories of manuscripts of literary works, autographs, collections of photographs, and personal belongings of famous writers.

The museum's structure includes 14 funds with more than 30,000 storage units. The museum actively participates in scientific projects of many universities as a center for museum pedagogy.