The Yaroslavl Cathedral dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary was founded in the pre-Mongol period of Russian history. According to the chronicle, in 1215, the Rostov Prince Konstantin Vsevolodovich laid the church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Yaroslavl.

During the anti-Bolshevik Yaroslavl Uprising, which took place from July 6 to 21, 1918, the Assumption Cathedral was severely damaged. Artillery shelling damaged the walls, which were later restored with funds from the church community.

In 1922, the cathedral housed the city employment exchange, and the most valuable items were handed over to the state. In 1924, a partial restoration was carried out, and in 1929, the bell tower was dismantled and the church community was dissolved.

The cathedral building housed a sewing workshop, a storage for artistic valuables, and later a grain storage. On August 26, 1937, the Assumption Cathedral was blown up, and a city park of culture and recreation was established in its place.

On October 26, 2004, construction of a new Assumption Cathedral began on the same site. The project by Moscow architect A. Denisov was chosen for construction; it features greater scale and includes a hall for church gatherings, a sacristy, and a refectory in the basement. Next to the cathedral, on the site of the altar of the destroyed church, a statue of the Trinity was installed in 1995.

On the evening of August 27, 2010, Archbishop Kirill of Yaroslavl and Rostov held the first service in the new church, although construction work was not yet fully completed. Patriarch Kirill consecrated the cathedral on September 12, 2010.