One of the oldest churches in pre-revolutionary Azov was the Assumption Cathedral, founded in 1771 as the Assumption Church of the 1st Azov Battalion. It was located outside the fortress, in the soldiers' suburb. The construction permit was granted by Bishop Tikhon (Yakubovsky) of Voronezh. The church's rector served as the battalion's chaplain and was funded by the military.

On May 6, 1789, the church was nearly destroyed by a fire, but the parishioners saved it. However, in 1834, the church did burn down as a result of a major fire in Azov.

The residents of Azov decided to build a new Assumption Church in the central square, making it a cathedral. Construction began in 1847, and the solemn consecration took place the following year. The church was built with funds from the townspeople, with active participation from Cossacks, merchants, and business circles of the city. The stone Assumption Cathedral with a large dome became an architectural dominant feature, its bell tower reaching 25 meters. The cathedral could accommodate up to 3,000 parishioners. Since 1874, clergy and notable residents of Azov, including benefactor Larisa Vasilyevna Timmerman, founder of the women's gymnasium, were buried in the churchyard.

By the early 20th century, five schools operated in the parish: a church parish school, a two-class school of the Ministry of Public Education, a lower craft school of the Ministry of Public Education, as well as men's and women's gymnasiums. An aid society for the poor operated under the Assumption Church in Azov.

With the advent of Soviet power, clergy and parishioners faced persecution, and the church was looted. In 1931, the church was completely closed, and its destruction began in 1935. By the following year, nothing remained of the church.

After the Germans arrived in 1942, the parish revived, and people began attending services again. Since the Assumption Church building was destroyed, the community occupied the former church watchman's building, where they organized a prayer house. Since 1931, the watchman's building had belonged to the Azov hosiery factory and was used as a repair and mechanical workshop.

After the return of the Red Army, the parish was registered, but in the summer of 1954, the believers were expelled from the prayer house. In an attempt to preserve the parish, community members purchased an old adobe house built in 1912, but soon they were prohibited from using it, and the building was confiscated.

Only in our time did the residents of the city again speak of the destroyed church. On October 14, 1999, a memorial stone was erected in Petrovskaya Square, at the site of the altar of the former cathedral. This event marked the first step towards the return of the ancient parish to the city. In 2013, a plan for the revival of the church was approved, after which preparatory work began at the request of Cossacks and Orthodox residents of the city. That same year, a rector was appointed for the restored church, which is currently under construction.