The main estate house, located end-on to the alley, is based on chambers from the mid-18th century. At that time, the estate was owned by Privy Councillor and Major General Ivan Ivanovich Divov. He briefly held the position of Chief of Police in Moscow, and after returning to St. Petersburg, he rented out his Moscow estate. The two-story Baroque house was adorned with a grand facade featuring a portico and Ionic capitals, as well as windows with ornate surrounds. The courtyard facade overlooked a large garden with a pond, which almost reached the present-day Garden Ring.

In 1783, Divov's heirs sold the estate to Major General Vasily Sergeyevich Naryshkin from a well-known noble family. Naryshkin remodeled the house in a classical style, adding a third floor and new decorative elements. Both facades were decorated with pilaster porticos of the Corinthian order with garlands on the frieze, and the Naryshkin coat of arms was placed in the triangular pediment. The classicist wings and outbuildings, along with the main house, formed an ensemble of the ceremonial courtyard. The classical appearance of the estate, established in the late 18th century, has been preserved almost unchanged, and it suffered little damage in the fire of 1812.

In 1816, the new owner became Major General Pyotr Nikiforovich Ivashov, a participant in the Russo-Turkish wars and the war of 1812. After his departure to his ancestral estate near Simbirsk, his son, Captain Vasily Petrovich Ivashov, a future Decembrist, lived in the estate. He was arrested here in January 1826 for participating in a conspiracy and belonging to a secret society, sentenced to hard labor and stripped of his noble status. His future wife, Kamilla le Dantu, the daughter of the Ivashovs' governess, also lived in the estate. She followed him to Siberia, where they married in 1831. They had four children, but their lives were short-lived: Kamilla died in 1840, and Ivashov a year later.

From 1829, the Ivashov estate housed the "Institute for the Correction of Bodily Injuries" run by Dr. Ludwig Mandileni. In 1832, the estate was purchased for the Guardianship Council, and until 1843, the Orthopedic Institute continued to operate here. It is likely that during this time the decoration of the ceremonial rooms of the main house was created, including ceiling stucco, artificial marble pilasters, and panel doors.

In 1844, the estate was transferred to the Police Hospital, founded at the suggestion of Dr. Fyodor Petrovich Gaaz. The hospital was managed by the Committee for the Care of Prisons and accepted prisoners and "homeless patients." Gaaz was appointed chief physician and lived in one of the wings. He died in the hospital in 1853, and his coffin was carried by Muscovites to the German cemetery. In 1883, the hospital was transformed into the city hospital named after Emperor Alexander III for wealthy patients. In 1909, a bust of Dr. Gaaz, created by sculptor Nikolai Andreev, was installed in the hospital courtyard, bearing his motto "Hasten to do good."

After the 1917 revolution, the hospital was renamed Gaazovskaya and existed until 1921, and in 1924, the Institute of Hygiene and Labor of Occupational Diseases was established here. Since 1959, the estate has housed the Research Institute of Hygiene for Children and Adolescents.