The founder and builder of the monastery was a peasant girl from the village of Mikhailovka in the Buzuluk district, Yefimiya Gerasimovna Ovsyannikova.

In 1835, merchants and townspeople of Buzuluk allocated four desyatinas of land on the outskirts of the city, near the cemetery, to Yefimiya Gerasimovna Ovsyannikova for the establishment of a women's monastery.

On September 20, 1848, the first wooden building with a home church in honor of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker was laid. This church was consecrated on January 30, 1849. On June 30, 1850, His Grace Joseph, Bishop of Orenburg and Ufa, laid the foundation stone for a stone three-altar church in the name of the Most Holy Mother of God, dedicated to Her miraculous Tikhvin icon.

In 1860, the community was transformed into a dormitory monastery in honor of the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God, becoming the first women's monastery in the Samara Diocese. In 1861, the construction of the stone cold three-altar church was completed, and it was consecrated on October 10 of the same year.

On the southern side of the monastery fence, the construction of the third warm church in the name of the Holy Trinity began on September 8, 1865. It was consecrated on September 16, 1869, by His Grace Gerasim, Bishop of Samara and Stavropol, along with the adjacent one-story stone building. In 1890, the construction of the stone bell tower was completed, and on September 8, a bell weighing 308 poods and 35 pounds, donated by an anonymous benefactor, was raised.

The first inhabitants of the community, about 100 people at that time, actively participated in the construction: they brought water, bricks, sand, and lime themselves, and also lifted bricks to the upper floors of the buildings being constructed. All buildings were erected from voluntary donations.

In January 1929, the Tikhvin Mother of God Women's Monastery was closed, and its premises were used as a transit prison, and later for energy supply needs, garages, and auto repair workshops; some buildings were adapted for housing. In 2000, the Buzuluk Women's Monastery was reopened at the cemetery church of All Saints, two hundred meters from the old monastery buildings.

The main shrine of the monastery is the Tikhvin Icon of the Most Holy Mother of God, a copy of the icon from the city of Tikhvin. The icon was gifted to the monastery by General Putyatina in 1847 in St. Petersburg. Before the monastery's closure, it was located in the main Tikhvin Cathedral, and after the closure, the sisters hid and preserved it. The icon is now in the church of All Saints and is the main shrine of the monastery.

The church in honor of All Saints, also known as the Cemetery or All Saints Church, was built in 1901 by the sons of merchant of the first guild Gerasim Kiselev in memory of their father. In 1937, the church was closed and used as an archive, grain storage, and weapons depot. On July 8, 1947, the church was reopened and consecrated. It is now transferred to the restoring Holy Tikhvin Mother of God Buzuluk Women's Monastery. On July 9, 2015, a historic event took place in Buzuluk: an agreement was signed for the transfer of the historical complex of buildings and territory of the Holy Tikhvin Mother of God Women's Monastery to the Russian Orthodox Church.