The Holy Trinity Church in Osa was conceived in the late 19th century, with the project developed by architect Alexander Bonaventurovich Turchievich. Construction of the cathedral began in 1902, when the rapid development of industry allowed the local community to invest significant funds into this project. The site for construction was chosen on the so-called "Red Square." The Holy Trinity Cathedral was built in the style of Russian Art Nouveau of the early 20th century, while also reflecting the architectural forms of ancient Russian churches from the mid-17th century. The mix of styles gives the cathedral a unique beauty.

Architect Turchievich died in 1909 at the age of 54, not living to see the completion of the construction. The consecration of the new stone cathedral in the name of the Holy Trinity took place on June 16, 1916, fourteen years after the start of construction. The first priests of the church, Dmitry Kipriyanovich Ovechkin and Peter Alexeyevich Alexeev, were shot during the Soviet regime. Services in the cathedral continued until 1927, after which it shared the fate of many religious buildings in the country.

The cathedral was closed by the decision of the Ural Regional Executive Committee on September 27, 1930, and its building began to pass from one department to another. It was used as a local history museum, and then for economic needs: machine-tractor workshops were located here, and ice was brought into the basement for storing milk. From 1956, part of the building was used by the Osa Veterinary Technical School, which housed a gym for volleyball and weightlifting. In the southern part of the cathedral, there was a local bus station in the 60s and 70s.

Fires in 1967, 1968, and 1971, along with the lack of oversight of the architectural monument's condition, led to the destruction of the bell tower. From 1979 to 1984, the cathedral building underwent partial restoration, but the following 16 years it remained neglected and deteriorated.

In 2000, the head of the Osa district administration, I. V. Kamskikh, initiated a study on restoration works for the cathedral. In early 2001, this issue was discussed at the Zemsky Assembly. On May 30, 2004, the consecration of the cathedral and the celebration of Trinity Day took place, marking its second life. Baptism, wedding, and other church sacraments began to be held.

In 2006-2007, restoration works continued: a drainage system was made around the building, investigations of the foundation's condition were conducted, and the windows of the cathedral were glazed. On August 25, 2006, the old dome was dismantled, and on August 26, a new dome and a cross 4.2 meters high were installed. In the summer of 2007, four middle domes with crosses were made and installed with donations from LLC "Lukoil-Perm." Restoration work on the church continues to this day.