On March 7, 1905, Archbishop Agafodor appealed to the head of the Kuban region with a request to allocate a plot for the construction of a church in the village of Armavir. In 1908, the volost administration permitted the construction on the condition of raising at least 30,000 rubles. On December 12, 1910, a document was drawn up in which 62 residents of the village of Armavir allocated a plot for the temple. The site was chosen at the intersection of Khutorskaya and Malominskaya streets (now S. Razin and Lunacharsky streets) in the poor part of the village.

Project work began on May 28, 1912, under the guidance of architect G.I. Akopzhanov, and the construction was overseen by priest Leonid Dmitrievsky. On August 3, 1912, the prayer house was laid in the name of the "Holy Trinity." By September 2, 1914, the exterior work was completed. In 1915, against the backdrop of rising patriotic sentiments, donations increased, and the architect modified the project, transforming the prayer house into a church. Construction was completed on April 28, 1916, and the church was consecrated on May 26, 1916.

The first rector of the Holy Trinity Cathedral was priest Alexander Ukolov, appointed on November 7, 1916. He was shot during the Civil War. In the 1930s, of the five churches in Armavir, only the Holy Trinity remained, while the others were destroyed. However, even in this church, the authorities organized a warehouse.

A significant milestone in the history of the cathedral is associated with rector Leonid Dmitrievsky, who served from 1942 to 1950. Remarkably, the church resumed its activities during the German occupation. After the liberation of Armavir on January 24, 1943, Father Leonid organized a collection of donations for the Red Army and conducted reconstruction and major repairs of the church. For his efforts, he was awarded the medal "For Valorous Labor during the Great Patriotic War." In 1950, the rector became protodeacon Alexander Volkanovich, and in 1956-1957, priest Georgy Stroeva, who equipped the church and built a power station for its lighting.

Rector Mikhail Samoylenko served in the Holy Trinity Church from 1964 to 1985. A new era in the history of the cathedral began with the arrival of protodeacon Sergey Tokar, who became rector in 1991. In 1995, the Holy Trinity Church was granted cathedral status, and in 1993, the Armavir Orthodox Social Institute was established at the church.

Father Sergey has been awarded the orders of Saint Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir, Venerable Sergius of Radonezh, and Saint Blessed Prince Daniel of Moscow. He also has church awards, such as the omophorion (1983), skufia and kamilavka (1985), pectoral cross (1986), cross with decorations (1990), and mitre (2005). In 2009, he was awarded the honorary cross "For Services to the Kuban Cossacks."

Today, the Holy Trinity Cathedral is the largest Orthodox church in the city. Reconstruction is actively underway, and assistance is provided in the Russian tradition from all over the world.