In the early 19th century, the merchants of the city of Osa faced a choice: to build a railway or a new church. It was decided that for the Perm province, the church was more important, as the Kama River, flowing nearby, provided transportation of goods throughout Russia. In 1902, the construction of the Holy Trinity Cathedral began. Architect Alexander Turchievich from Perm designed the building in the Russian-Byzantine style with elements of ancient Russian architecture. The townspeople actively financed the project, and the merchants of the second guild, the Osipovs, Anna Pavlovna and her son Ivan Alekseevich, donated about 8 thousand rubles.

The architect passed away in 1909, not living to see the completion of the construction. All donations were carefully recorded. For example, from 1912 to 1915, 15,757 rubles and 78 kopecks were collected. Of these funds, 2,000 rubles went to the Moscow artist Shvarev for icons for the iconostasis, and 32 rubles to merchant Lyubimov for delivery by steamboat to Osa. In 1916, the cathedral was completed and consecrated on the Feast of the Holy Trinity on June 16, although the bell tower remained unfinished. The majestic building, over 50 meters long, over 45 meters wide, and over 40 meters high, was built of red brick from the factories of Princes Golitsyn and Tupitsin and was heated by Belgian calorifer stoves.

In 1930, the cathedral was closed by the decision of the executive committee and was used for various purposes: as a museum, workshops, a gym for the technical school, and even a bus station. Three fires in 1967, 1968, and 1971, along with a lack of maintenance, led the building into decline. The church regained new life on May 30, 2004, when services and ceremonies of marriage, baptism, and funeral rites were once again held there.