The Nicholas Church is the first Orthodox church in Brussels and has been functioning since 1862. Initially, the parish was located in the house of Prince Nikolai Orlov, who was the Russian envoy to the Belgian court and financed the church. In 1876, the church moved to the first floor of a residential building on Chevalier Street, where it still stands today. Later, the church came under the management of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and then the Russian mission in Brussels.

The main relics of the church are the reliquaries containing parts of the relics of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and St. Seraphim of Sarov. The church has a library that houses several thousand books and magazines in Church Slavonic, Russian, French, Greek, German, English, and other languages, as well as an archive.

Over its more than a century-long history, the church has largely preserved its original appearance and character. The central element is the iconostasis. Originally, it contained icons made in the Western European style in 1896. Under Archbishop Alexander, they were replaced with more iconographic ones, and the old icons were placed on the walls of the altar, where they remain today. Only two images from the original icons on the iconostasis have survived, depicting the Annunciation on the Royal Doors.

In 1996, the iconostasis was restored and re-gilded. The painting on the sails and in the dome of the altar was also updated, using as a model the frescoes of the Russian cell of St. Archdeacon Stephen on Mount Athos. At the same time, the central composition above the iconostasis, 'The Ascension of the Cross,' was restored to its former appearance.