The only Old Believer church in Penza was located on the outskirts of the city, in the area of the modern streets Kavkaz and Shevchenko. Now nothing remains of it.

Old Believers began to settle in this region as early as the late 17th century. They sought refuge in the Wild Field, escaping from government persecution, which effectively equated them to sectarians. At the border of the Moscow state, the pressure was felt less, and the first settlers tried not to disturb the Old Believers, as they had their own concerns. Over time, the number of Old Believers in Penza increased, and by the end of the 19th century, there were several tens of thousands. During this period, the community obtained permission to establish an official prayer house. However, they were not allowed to build a church in the city center, and land was allocated on the outskirts. The church was wooden and modest, but it was here that the Penza Old Believers gathered for their church celebrations. It stood in the area of the streets Kavkaz and Shevchenko until the 1920s, after which information about it disappears.

The last mentions of Old Believer communities date back to the 1930s. With the advent of anti-church policies, they did not disappear but only temporarily went underground.