St. Sophia Cathedral in Harbin, once an Orthodox church, is now one of the symbols of Russian Harbin. Since November 1996, it has been included in the list of cultural monuments of China. Currently, the cathedral houses an architectural museum featuring photographs and models of the city's buildings.

Originally, the wooden St. Sophia church was built in March 1907 for the 17th East Siberian Rifle Regiment. In 1911, the church was reconstructed: a brick wall was built around it. The second reconstruction began in 1923 and lasted for 9 years, with the updated cathedral being fully consecrated on November 25, 1932.

The three-domed church is designed in the neo-Russian style and reaches a height of 48.55 meters. It is one of the largest Christian churches in the Far East, accommodating up to 2000 people. The walls are made of red brick and are not plastered. The central dome has an onion shape and stands on a high drum surrounded by windows and kokoshniks. The two smaller domes are designed in a tent style. The facades are adorned with ornamental patterns featuring tile and majolica inserts, and the entrance is framed by an arched portal. Above the entrance rises a two-tiered tent bell tower with bell arches, topped with a gilded onion dome and a cross. The interior walls are painted by the Russian artist Anastasiev. Three areas with religious items have been preserved in the cathedral: in the center, a sculpture of Jesus Christ; to the right, an icon of the Resurrection of Christ; and images of St. Sophia and St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.

After the departure of the Russians, the cathedral was used as a warehouse for traders from the market located near the First Harbin Department Store. For a long time, the building was neglected and served as a dormitory for workers. In 1997, the city authorities renovated the cathedral, demolishing several residential blocks to restore the square. In 2006, the church and square were renovated again to accommodate an exhibition hall.