The Exaltation Cathedral, with chapels dedicated to the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God and Saint John Chrysostom, is part of the Assumption Brusensky Convent. It was built for the 300th anniversary of the convent at the initiative of Abbess Olympiada, who led the convent from 1848 to 1873. Construction began in 1855, and the consecration took place in 1858. Architect A.S. Kutepov developed the initial design in 1850, but the project and estimates department deemed it unsatisfactory due to the facades. That same year, the design by V.E. Morgan was accepted, which revised the facades while keeping the plan unchanged. This project was implemented with some modifications.

Architecturally, the church combines elements of classicism and pseudo-Russian style. It features a five-domed tent structure, where four domes are blind and the central fifth is a lantern. The facade, executed in the spirit of the 17th century, is divided into panels by paired half-columns. The main decorative motif is the window frames, imitating Moscow Baroque. The architecture of the building is distinctly decorative, with a contrast of red brick and white stone details. The western narthex housed the choir.

In the 1920s, after the convent was closed, the drums and domes were removed from the cathedral. During the Soviet era, it was believed that late constructions, including the Exaltation Cathedral, did not represent significant artistic interest, and the building was used as a warehouse. Restoration of the temple began in the early 21st century when the Brusensky monastery regained its status as a convent.