According to the construction plan, the main building of the monastery and its architectural dominant became the cold Vladimir Cathedral, whose construction took place from 1804 to 1819. On February 12, 1804, Bishop Benjamin Krasnopevkov of Nizhny Novgorod and Arzamas issued a decree for the construction of a "cold church in honor of the feast of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God" in the Oran Monastery. The construction began under Father Pakhomiy, continued under Hieromonk Nafanail, and was completed under the guidance of builder Irodion.

The cathedral, single-altar and cathedral, was started in 1804 and completed in 1819 in honor of the feast of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God. It has five elevated domes with a semicircular altar, covered with iron painted with copper. The domes are adorned with five eight-pointed crosses, gilded in 1875. The walls of the church are plastered inside and out, the doors have iron frames and patterned grilles. In the lower tier and altar, there are 17 windows with grilles, in the second tier 15 windows without grilles, and in the five domes, 40 windows of various sizes. Above the windows of the lower tier, there are galleries with wooden railings. The church measures 13 fathoms from the eastern wall of the altar to the western doors, and 8 fathoms from the northern doors to the southern. The floor is cast iron, with wooden panels along the walls. A porch is attached to the western wall on stone pillars, covered with iron, with cast iron steps.

Archimandrite Ambrosiy Ornatский in his monograph "History of the Russian Hierarchy" noted that among the buildings of the Oran Monastery of the early 19th century, the most remarkable is the stone building of the cathedral church in the name of the Vladimir Mother of God, similar to the Iberian one in Moscow, as well as the warm church, bell tower, and merchant shops in the enclosure.

The last time before the revolution, the Vladimir Cathedral was reconsecrated in 1882 after frescoes were applied to the walls. "The holy antimension of wild-blue color was consecrated by His Grace Makariy, Bishop of Nizhny Novgorod and Arzamas, on March 4, 1882."