In the spring of 1767, under the guidance of the abbot of the Holy Spirit Monastery, Juvenalius (Voikov), the construction of a brick church of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity began, replacing the previous wooden one. On the outskirts of the village of Dukhov, local craftsmen built a kiln for firing bricks, using clay sourced from the site. During the working season, over a hundred people were involved in brick making, masonry, and gathering timber and other materials. The construction progressed successfully, and three years later, the main cathedral of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity rose amidst the greenery of the monastery.

By the autumn of 1770, the interior finishing and painting of the church were completed. Monastery records from that time report: "The height of the church from the ground to the cross is 17 fathoms, the width is 5 fathoms, and the length is 39 arshins. The octagonal dome is topped with a gilded carved cross. Inside, there is a five-tiered iconostasis with local saint icons in silver-plated robes. The height of the iconostasis is 18 and a half arshins, and the width is 10 and a half arshins. In front of the ancient icons, lamps burn, and elegant silver-plated candlesticks stand. The paintings on the walls, the ornaments, and the abundance of light give the church an elegant appearance and contribute to a prayerful mood."

The Holy Spirit Monastery was closed in 1918, and in 1934, the communists destroyed two churches: the Holy Nicholas Church with the Exaltation of the Cross chapel and the church in the name of the Uncreated Image of Christ the Savior. The Church of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity miraculously survived, as it was used as a storage facility for grain and spare parts for agricultural machinery.

During the Great Patriotic War, the Church of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity suffered greatly, with only the central part with a partially destroyed dome, the altar, and some supporting structures of the refectory remaining. After the war, it was also used as a warehouse. On the monastery grounds, the local collective farm organized a machine yard and placed containers with fuel and lubricants. Currently, the narthex and refectory part of the church have been restored, and work continues on the restoration of the central part and the altar.