The appearance of the city of Sumy has been shaped over many centuries, and in the last century, the Trinity Cathedral has become an integral part of it. This church is familiar to anyone who has visited Sumy at least once. The cathedral is a spiritual gem and an outstanding example of church architecture, holding a rich and complex history.

The idea of construction belonged to the famous Sumy philanthropist P. I. Kharitonenkо, who financed the building of the cathedral. The first stone was laid in May 1901. Initially, the building was to be designed by the Moscow architect A. V. Shchusev, but ultimately the construction was carried out according to the project of K. G. Sholts, who was living in Sumy at that time. Construction continued with small interruptions until 1915. The consecration of the church was planned for September 26, 1914, but it was postponed due to the death of P. I. Kharitonenkо, and subsequent changes in the life of the country and society delayed this event for a long time.

The Trinity Cathedral, built in the neoclassical style, incorporates features of the Isaac Cathedral and the Trinity Izmailovsky Cathedral of St. Petersburg. The architecture allowed for three altars to be placed in the church. The central altar was dedicated to the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles, which gave the church its name, while the side altars were dedicated to the apostle and evangelist John the Theologian and the martyrs Adrian and Natalia. For the interior decoration, P. I. Kharitonenkо ordered a marble iconostasis from Italy, which, unfortunately, was lost during World War I. M. V. Nesterov was invited to paint the icons, the stained glass "Trinity" was created with the participation of K. S. Petrov-Vodkin, and the paintings on the canvases were done by I. I. Nivinsky. However, almost none of the original decoration has survived.

During the Soviet era, the church was not used for services and fell into disrepair. From 1976 to 1988, partial restoration was carried out, during which an organ was installed in the main altar. Since 1992, a community has reappeared in the church, and prayers have once again sounded under its arches, although the building was still used for organ music concerts for a long time. This continued until 2007, when the organ was moved to the Sumy Philharmonic. Since then, the church has once again belonged to Orthodox believers and is full of church life.

The event planned in 1914 took place exactly one hundred years later: on May 18, 2014, the Great Consecration was performed at the Trinity Cathedral. This solemn event and the subsequent service were led by Archbishop Yevlogiy of Sumy and Akhtyrka, the rector of the Trinity Cathedral.