The Krasnoufimsk fortress was founded in 1735, and a wooden church with two altars was built in it, consecrated in 1736 in honor of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity and Saint Nicholas. In 1774, the fortress surrendered to Pugachev's forces without a fight, thus avoiding plunder. In June of the same year, a prayer service was held in the church for the health of ataman Yemelyan Pugachev. Over time, the fortress became a town, and the church fell into disrepair.

In 1804, a new stone cathedral was built and consecrated in the name of the Holy Trinity, and in 1837, the altar of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker was consecrated. The bell tower of the cathedral housed 10 bells. A prayer service was also held in the church in honor of the victory of the Russian army over Napoleon.

The cathedral was supported by prominent merchants of Krasnoufimsk. A church-parish school operated under it, and a second-class teacher's school in the Missionary hamlet was also cared for. Every year, on the day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, large processions were held. There were 6 chapels and 4 domestic churches associated with the temple.

In 1918, Chekists arrested and brutally killed the rector of the Holy Trinity Cathedral, Archpriest Alexei Budrin, Priest Lev Ershov, and Priest Alexander Malinovsky of the Presentation Church. On September 16, their bodies were reburied at the Holy Trinity Cathedral. On December 14, 1935, the cathedral was looted and closed, and in the following years, various institutions were housed in it. By 1951, the church was in a state of disrepair.

On June 23, 2001, a parish in the name of the Holy Trinity was established, with Priest Andrei Ryzhakov as its rector. On November 4, the first Divine Liturgy was held in the church. On December 6, a Sunday school for adults was organized, and an Orthodox library began operating. On December 20, a board of trustees for the church was created, and a refectory was opened.

On June 25, 2002, a children's pastoral care center in the name of the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God began operating. On July 22-23, the relics of the holy martyrs Priests Lev Ershov and Alexander Malinovsky were found. On October 5, the relics of the holy martyr Alexei Budrin were found. The relics of all three holy martyrs are displayed in the church for veneration.