Alapaevsk began its existence in 1639 as a small settlement populated by state peasants and part of the Murzin sloboda. In the same year, Prince P. I. Pronsky founded the Murzin sloboda and the village of Alapaiha, settling them with some free people without land and transferring peasants from other settlements on the Neiva River.

In 1682, the Murzin clerk reported that "the thieving Tatars completely devastated the Murzin sloboda, burned the church and state granaries, killed peasants in the fields, burned the villages, and drove away the cattle." Therefore, in 1685, the peasants of the village of Alapaiha asked the Murzin clerk Kondratiy Khvorov to allocate them vacant land for plowing and haymaking after the Bashkir pogrom. Their request was granted, and they were allocated land from the mouth of the Alapaiha River across the Neiva River to Kamyanka.

In 1703, after the discovery of high-quality iron ore in the vicinity of Alapaiha, a state cast-iron smelting plant was built on the Alapaiha River. In 1704, the plant was handed over to Nikita Demidov and his son Akinfiy, who organized a shipping route along the Chusovaya River and facilitated the establishment of land communication between the Alapaevsk and Yekaterinburg plants. In 1781, the Alapaevsk plant became a district town, but in 1797 it was abolished and annexed to the Verkhoturye district as a non-district town.

Due to the low water level of the Alapaevsk plant pond, the factory dams and factories were later moved from the Alapaiha River to the more water-rich Neiva River. In the late 17th century, the residents of the village of Alapaiha and neighboring villages, due to their remoteness from the parish Murzin church, appealed to the Tobolsk diocesan authorities with a request to build a church and create an independent parish. Their request was granted, and in 1702 they built a small stone church in honor of the righteous Alexius, a man of God.

In 1771, it was permitted to replace the wooden ceilings of the church and the bell tower with stone and to add a stone chapel in honor of the Archangel Michael to the Alexiev church. The new chapel was consecrated in 1776 by Archimandrite Isaiah of the Nevyansk Theophany Monastery. In 1793, the Alapaev clergy and the elder were allowed to add a new cold stone church in honor of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity to the existing Alexiev and Mikhailov churches, funded by parishioners, and to reconstruct the Alexiev church.

On December 8, 1798, a fire occurred in the Alexiev church, destroying the wooden roof with domes on both chapels and the railings on the bell tower. Because of this, the construction of the Trinity chapel was delayed, and it was consecrated only in 1816. At the same time, the stone bell tower of the church began to lean away from the walls due to weak soil and threatened to collapse. Therefore, in 1831, the bell tower was dismantled, and a new one was built in 1832-1833, which still exists today.

The Alexiev church owns 12 stone buildings and one wooden one with shops, transferred to the church's management by the factory owners in 1856; a wooden one-story house built in 1891 for the Alexiev parish school; and a wooden one-story house with two wooden wings and a manor, purchased in 1900 for the accommodation of the junior clergy of the church.

On May 11, 1912, by the decree of the Synod, the church was granted cathedral status. From 1923, it functioned with a renovationist orientation until its closure in 1932. The church was returned in 1992 and consecrated on August 8, 1999. It is currently active.