After the construction of the Christmas churches, the venerable Seraphim entrusted Elena Vasilyevna Manturova to acquire a plot of land near the Kazan church. He bequeathed to her brother, Mikhail Vasilyevich, to preserve this land, regardless of any circumstances. The land was intended for the construction of a five-domed cathedral, about which the venerable said: "What a cathedral we will have! A wonder!.. Much better than Sarov's, and they will envy us!" Later, Mikhail Vasilyevich had to contend with Ivan Tikhonov, who wanted to lay the foundation of the cathedral according to his own discretion. However, on June 5, 1848, the foundation was laid at the site indicated by the great elder. The construction of the cathedral was practically not carried out until 1865, when the abbess Maria put the monastery's economy in order. Due to turmoil, donations for the cathedral did not come, and construction continued with modest funds. Nearby, on the monastery land, a factory was set up, and brick production began.

Initially, it was planned to consecrate the cathedral in honor of the icon "Tenderness" of the Mother of God, but the Nizhny Novgorod bishop Ioanniky determined it to the glory of the Life-Giving and Life-Creating Trinity. This decision was confirmed by a special sign: during the raising of the cross in 1874, three white doves circled above it, while below, three cranes were making circles. Many miracles occurred in the building cathedral. In winter, when the cathedral was boarded up, sounds of work were heard inside. In the evenings or at night, an unusual light was seen above the cathedral. In 1875, the Most Reverend Ioanniky unexpectedly decided to consecrate the cathedral with the three necessary icons. The day of the consecration coincided with the feast of the icon "Tenderness" of Serafimo-Diveevo on July 28. In honor of this icon, the right lower chapel was consecrated on June 2, 1880. On June 3, 1884, the altar on the right in the choir was consecrated in the name of the icon of the Mother of God of Vladimir-Orange, and the next day the left chapel in the choir was consecrated in honor of the Third finding of the head of John the Baptist. The left lower chapel was left unconsecrated by Abbess Maria for 28 years, waiting for the glorification of Father Seraphim. On July 22, 1903, immediately after his glorification, the chapel was consecrated. The project of the cathedral was developed by architect A.I. Rezanov, a student of academician K.D. Ton, who completed the construction of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow. Therefore, there is a noticeable similarity between the Trinity Cathedral and the Moscow temple. The last all-night service before the monastery was closed in honor of the Nativity of the Mother of God on September 21, 1927, was conducted in the cathedral by a hieromonk, who found himself in Diveevo after the closure of the Sarov monastery, as on that day all the Diveevo priests were arrested. In October 1989, the Trinity Cathedral was handed over to the church community. In the spring of 1990, a cross was erected under a clear rainbow. Worship services in the cathedral resumed on the Saturday of the Praise of the Most Holy Theotokos in April 1990, when the main chapel was consecrated. Since January 1, 1991, services in the main Diveevo cathedral have been held daily.