By the beginning of the 20th century, the main city church, St. George's, could no longer accommodate all the worshippers, especially on major church holidays. At the initiative of Archpriest Alexander Znamensky and the parishioners, it was decided to build a new warm cathedral, the Trinity Cathedral, which was placed to the northeast of St. George's Cathedral. The residents of Yuriev-Polsky collected donations for four years, and in 1907, the first stone of its foundation was laid. The construction of the cathedral was timed to the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty. Earlier, on March 6, 1903, the City Duma allocated a plot of land for the new church, which was to be located within the same enclosure as St. George's Cathedral. For both churches, 432 square fathoms of land were allocated, and a road from the cathedral street to the Vladimir tract was planned, part of which has survived to this day.

By November 1903, the construction plan was ready, and on January 21, 1904, the city mayor Abrosimov approved it. The project, developed by Vladimir diocesan architect Nikolai Dmitrievich Koritsky, was approved by the Construction Committee of the Holy Synod on May 3, 1905. The church was to have a "Russian" style and three altars: the central one in honor of the Holy Trinity and two side altars, the Exaltation of the Holy Cross and the Annunciation. Despite the lack of funds, the project was realized. By the summer of 1905, construction materials were prepared, including 350,000 bricks, and on August 25, construction began. By October 1, 1905, the foundation of the cathedral was completed. However, significant funds were needed to continue the work. The Emperor donated 30,000 rubles, but this was still insufficient. Early frosts and a harsh winter damaged the unfinished church, and in March 1909, cracks appeared on the facades. A commission from Vladimir, led by provincial architect S. Fedorov, recommended halting construction. Nevertheless, thanks to the help of pious people, construction was completed in 1914. By December 1914, the building was constructed, impressing with its size and decor. The church could accommodate up to two thousand people.

On January 11, 1915, Bishop Eugene of Yuriev consecrated the main altar in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity. On January 13, the altar in honor of the Annunciation of the Most Holy Theotokos was consecrated, and on January 18, the altar of the southern chapel in honor of the Exaltation of the Honorable and Life-Giving Cross of the Lord. The relics of Prince Svyatoslav III Vsevolodovich and his son Dmitry were transferred to this chapel from St. George's Cathedral. On August 23, 1915, the altar in honor of the Dormition of the Mother of God on the lower floor of the new cathedral was consecrated. In 1916, the "Svyatoslav Cross" was transferred to the cathedral. The consecration of the Trinity Cathedral became one of the last joyful events in the pre-revolutionary history of Yuriev-Polsky.

In the mid-1920s, the church was robbed, desecrated, and closed by the 1930s. The heating system was dismantled, and in the 1930s, the building was used as a power station, which led to damage from vibrations. The Mettlach tiles were broken, the ceilings were removed, and the church lost its domes and was equipped with a chimney. Later, the building was used as warehouses. By the 1990s, it had become abandoned.

Today, the Holy Trinity Cathedral has been transferred to the Vladimir-Suzdal Diocese; however, due to its emergency condition, services are not held there.