The Transfiguration Cathedral in Belozersk served as the main city church from the 14th to the 20th century. The modern building was laid in 1668 and completed in the late 1670s. The western narthex was added in the 19th century. This brick church has three apses and four pillars, topped with five onion domes. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, according to some researchers, its tent-like roof was replaced with a gabled one, and the window openings were widened. Others believe that the cathedral originally had a gabled roof, as it does now.

The cathedral is located within the earthen rampart of the Belozersk Kremlin, built in the 15th century under Grand Prince Ivan III, and is its architectural dominant.

Inside the cathedral, a multi-tiered carved iconostasis from the late 18th to early 19th century has been preserved. Under the central dome, a partially preserved chandelier hangs from a chain.

Services in the cathedral continued until August 1937. During the Great Terror of 1937-1938, all priests of Belozersk, including Archpriest Sergey Belitsky, were arrested and shot in Leningrad on October 9, 1937. After the cathedral was closed, its interior decoration was maintained in relative order. Currently, the building belongs to the city museum, where part of the icon collection is displayed.