The Spaso-Transfiguration Monastery got its name from the main church dedicated to the Transfiguration of the Lord. Initially, the church was wooden, but in the mid-18th century it was dismantled. In its place, a new stone church was built from 1752 to 1759, which was then repeatedly reconstructed.

In 1842, a two-story abbot's building was constructed in the monastery, and from 1852 to 1865, a two-story brotherhood building with the Church of the Assumption of the Mother of God and a two-story guest house were erected. The monastery represented the most harmonious architectural ensemble in the mid-19th century. It was a complex in the classical style with a perimeter arrangement of brotherhood buildings, a refectory building, a chapel of Saint Tikhon, a tall gate bell tower, and a two-story abbot's building. In the center of the courtyard stood the cathedral church. In 1885, a refectory with rooms for the sacristy and library was added to the Transfiguration Church. In 1894, according to the project of Voronezh provincial architect V. Shebalin, the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord was reconstructed.

The monastery was closed and devastated in the early 1920s. The buildings on its territory were transferred to the Voronezh State Reserve, and the cell buildings were used as residential premises. At different times, the church housed a library, workshops, a shop, a cinema, and in recent years, a club.

On June 14, 1994, after more than sixty years of neglect, the revival of the Tolshensky Spaso-Transfiguration Monastery began, which became a women's monastery. Significant work was carried out to repair and restore the church, which by 1994 did not even have a dome, and the vaults were repainted. Heating was installed in the church and monastery, and water supply was brought to the residential building. Daily services are held in the monastery church. In memory of the deceased and buried on the territory of the monastery brotherhood, a tombstone was erected, as before the 1917 revolution, the monastery was male.