The entrance to the cave cathedral is carved into the so-called divas, chalk remnants for which the Voronezh region is known. The vaults of the cave are supported by 12 chalk columns. Before the revolution, the temple had a fortified entrance, a well, and a concealed emergency exit, allowing it to withstand a prolonged siege. Some corridors of the cave cathedral are closed to visitors, and their entrances are draped.

The main altar of the cathedral is dedicated to the Savior Not Made by Hands. The lighting here is provided only by a few candles and lamps. The main shrine of the monastery, the Kostomarov icon of the Valaam Mother of God, is said to have been gifted to the monastery by Emperor Alexander I. The icon shows bullet marks: according to legend, a Red Army soldier shot at it six times but never hit the faces of the Virgin Mary and Christ. In some sources, it is referred to as the Valaam 'Execution' icon. In 2002, the icon began to exude myrrh, although it is painted on iron. Another venerated icon in the monastery is the 'Labor of the Holy Family.' In the left chapel of the holy martyrs Faith, Hope, Love, and their mother Sophia, icons were carved into the walls directly in the chalk rock by a master from Belgorod in 2011.

Since 1943, the faithful residents of Kostomarovo sought the opening of a parish church in the caves for several years. Permission was granted only in 1946. During this period, the passage leading deeper into the Savior's temple was expanded, and a chapel was created in this extension. The blessed Andrew, who spent several years here in seclusion, is considered the inspirer and active builder of this project.