In 1848, the residents chose the highest point in Upper Kyshtym for the construction of the church, from where a picturesque view of the estate of the factory owners, the Upper Kyshtym pond, and the peaks of Sugomak and Egosa opened up. The new church was built on a grand scale: in 1857, to mark the centenary of Kyshtym, a bell tower 71 meters high was erected, and a two-story building with an area of 2000 square meters was crowned with a main dome 50 meters high. The lower floor was designed as a heated winter space, as the rector of the Nativity of Christ Church, Archpriest Ioann Sukhov, recounts. Previously, stoves stood here, and services were held from autumn, starting with the feast of the Protection of the Holy Virgin, until late spring, up to the feast of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker. The second floor was intended for summer services. The upper apartment was considered the "highlight" of the church, featuring a spacious hall and magnificent acoustics. It is said that the chapel was built according to the proportions of St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg. The architect's name could not be established, but it is assumed that Konstantin Ton, the founder of the Russian-Byzantine style who built the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, was indirectly involved in the project. At that time, the architect enjoyed the favor of Emperor Nicholas I, and his drawings were recommended to dioceses as standard designs. Locally, the projects were creatively reworked. The result of this interpretation exceeded all expectations. The Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ was and remains the most majestic in the Kyshtym district, rivaling only the Church of the Ascension of the Lord in Kasli.

Bishop Mitrophan of Yekaterinburg and Irbit noted the magnificence of the church's exterior. "The tall multi-columned walls, painted with white lime, along with numerous shining windows and huge iron gates, reach for the sky. The silvered domes, illuminated by the dull October sun, with large crosses above the bell tower seemed to hover over the village. The sturdy high cast-iron fence on a stone foundation, solid gates on the western and northern sides, small icons above the gates, all this inspired passersby with a joyful feeling and a sense of divine grace."

Unlike the construction, the interior painting of the cathedral progressed more slowly: the substantial church required careful finishing. The wall painting of the lower floor was completed only in 1902. Inscriptions made upon completion of the work testify that "the wall painting of holy images and ornaments was executed by the Moscow court artistic workshop of Yakov Efimovich Epanechnikov," one of the well-known Moscow masters, "supplier to His Imperial Majesty's court." An iconostasis was also installed on the second floor, everything was quite decent, but without the same solemnity as below. They did not manage to paint the upper chapel before the revolution. After the revolution, the church endured many trials. In 1935, it was closed. The paintings and ornaments of the lower ceiling miraculously survived. Some icons were taken away by parishioners to hide them from desecration, and during the wave of Bolshevik anti-religious fervor, the saints' paintings were mocked: eyes were gouged out, plaster was chipped away, and paint was poured over them.

There is an urban legend that when it was decided to drop the bells, the party committee "called upon" nine young men from the mechanical plant to carry out this work. They succeeded, and the bells fell to the ground. But then all nine quickly passed away: some fell into alcoholism, some committed suicide, and one went mushroom picking in the forest and did not return. Relatives searched for him for three years, but to no avail. The Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ was "saved" from oblivion by the Great Patriotic War and the famous address of I. Stalin, "brothers and sisters," which was church-like in its essence. It became evident that besides love for the Motherland, the weapon of Victory was spiritual unity around the Orthodox Church. In the harsh days of the war, the cathedral was consecrated again, and services began, which were never interrupted again.

In the 1990s, the bells on the church's bell tower were updated, the largest of the nine was cast in Voronezh. In early summer 2016, for the first time in many years, services were held in the upper chapel.