The first stone church of the Transfiguration of the Lord was built in the main square of the settlement of Buturlinovka in 1809. In 1886, at the initiative of local entrepreneur V. M. Kashchenko, construction of a new church began on the site of the old one. After his death, his sons continued the work, and funding was provided by the parishioners. The church project was developed in 1885 by architect V. V. Stainovsky with the participation of D. V. Znobishin and S. L. Myslovsky. The Spaso-Transfiguration Church was completed and consecrated in 1893 by Archbishop of Voronezh and Zadonsk Anastasiy (Dobradin). A marble commemorative plaque in the altar preserved the text indicating the start of construction in 1886 according to Stainovsky's plan, approved by Archbishop Serafim, listing the names of the priests and the church elder.

Peasants from the settlement of Buturlinovka, such as Fyodor Ivanovich Shevtsov, Fyodor Mikhailovich Golovchanov, and Alexei Ivanovich Momrov, actively participated in the construction of the church. The church was built with funds from the parishioners, and the iconostasis and kiots were arranged with donations from the sons of Vasily Mikhailovich Kashchenko: Alexei, Alexander, and Ivan. The church was completed and consecrated in 1893 under Bishop Anastasiy, with priests Fr. Semyon Mikhailovich Chernyshev and Fr. Ioann Alekseevich Ignatov, as well as church elder Alexei Vasilyevich Kashchenko.

The church had three altars: the Transfiguration of the Lord, St. Nicholas, and St. Dimitry of Rostov. In 1909, another chapel was consecrated in the refectory part of the church in honor of St. Basil of Pari. The interior decoration of the church was stunning: the wall paintings were done by Moscow masters, the marble and carved iconostases were of Italian workmanship, and the icons were in the Byzantine style. A clock with a chime was installed in the bell tower.

In the early 1930s, the church was closed, and the iconostasis was destroyed. During the Great Patriotic War, military equipment was repaired in the building, and later it was used as a warehouse. In 1992, the church was returned to the diocese, and services resumed. Restoration work is currently underway.

The volumetric composition of the church is executed in a cross-dome style with five domes. The western branch of the cross continues into the central nave of the refectory, transitioning into the first tier of the three-tier bell tower. The facades combine Byzantine and classicist motifs, with a rhythmic alternation of parts and various surface treatments. The upper tiers of the bell tower and the apses have strict classicist forms with pilaster porticos. The interior decoration is notable for the design of the transition from the vault to the light drum, where the cornice is supported by 29 decorative brackets in the form of cherubs.

The Transfiguration Church in Buturlinovka is the largest and most complex in structure and decor among the churches built in the diocese in the late 19th century.