The cathedral was built on the site of an old wooden church and reflects the new architectural principles of that time. This massive building is surrounded by galleries that visually connect it with neighboring structures. The church, standing on a high pedestal, has four pillars and is surrounded by a two-story walkway gallery. On the eastern side, it has a three-apsidal altar section with narrow high windows set in deep niches. The apses are separated by smooth columns and adorned with a carved cornice featuring fine ornamentation.

The gallery ends with a light covered arcade, and stairs lead to it from the northwest and southwest corners. The interior of the cathedral is characterized by austerity, which is explained by its original use as a burial temple for noble nuns, whose graves are located in the gloomy under-church. During the restoration in 1962, led by I.A. Stoletov, interesting details of the interior decoration were discovered: the floor was laid with black tiles, and the walls were never adorned with paintings. However, the cathedral was not devoid of decorations, as evidenced by the icons and embroidered covers stored in the museum, created by the nuns themselves. The building has undergone numerous changes: drums were added, helmet-shaped domes were replaced with onion-shaped ones, and the archways of the gallery were bricked up. Like any actively used building, the cathedral was rebuilt according to the needs of its owners. Only in 1962, after restoration, was its original appearance returned. In the 1980s, the restored premises of the museum complex housed hotel rooms and bars-restaurants, while the cathedral functioned as a concert hall. In 1992, the monastery was returned to the Orthodox Church, and now a monastic community operates here once again.