The cathedral church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin with the chapel of St. Nicholas of Myra was built thanks to donations. The main benefactors were the Borovsk merchants Zhdanov, who contributed 25,000 rubles, as well as the residents of Borovsk: E. E. Shevelev, I. A. Golovteev, and P. M. Shestov. All of them were part of the 2nd Borovsk community of Old Believers, opponents of the Circular Letter. The project of the church was commissioned to the St. Petersburg architect Nikolai Petrovich Omelyusty, who worked in the Neo-Russian style. The church was consecrated on June 18, 1912. The ceremony was attended by the non-circular bishop of Kaluga, Joasaph, and the recently ordained Conon from Moscow. The local choir performed the all-night vigil and liturgy. A procession with icons and banners took place around the church. After that, the local bishop Joasaph was vested. Followers of Archbishop John, representatives of the dominant church, and secular officials, such as a judicial investigator, a member of the district court, a military commander, and the city mayor, were also invited to the consecration. Services in the church were conducted by Priest John (Shchedrin).

The Borovsk cathedral resembles the church in the village of Parkhomovka in the Kyiv region. The western part of the church in Parkhomovka is almost completely replicated in the Borovsk cathedral, except for some details: the pinnacles are absent, instead, there is a chimney located to the northeast of the bell tower, and the horizontal division of the western facade has been altered. The composition of the Borovsk cathedral strives for centrality. Its main part, a pillarless square, is topped with five domes, unlike the basilica in Parkhomovka. The decor of the church is designed for perception from a distance. The scale of the building was so significant that the finishing work was not completed until 1917.

The 1917 revolution interrupted further work. The new authorities decreed that the property of the church should be used alternately by two communities: the community of the Intercession Cathedral and the namesake church of the same faith. This decision caused disputes, and in 1929 the cathedral was closed. In the 1930s, it housed a garage, which later became a large enterprise, the motor column No. 1364. For a long time, the building was used as a parking lot for vehicles and a warehouse for auto parts. Only thanks to the efforts of local enthusiasts and concerned individuals was the church freed and handed over to the Old Believer community.

In 1998, the city administration allocated a small plot of land around the church to the community. In November 2005, with the blessing of the Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia, Cornelius, the Intercession Cathedral was handed over to the nuns for the revival of the Intercession Old Believer convent in Borovsk. The future community was formed by former residents of the Trinity Belopesotsky Monastery, who converted to Old Belief in 2004, under the guidance of Abbess Olympiada. After that, the gradual restoration of the church began. On April 23, 2014, the restoration of the central dome was completed, and a cross was installed. On September 30, the last two crosses were erected on the church, and a month earlier, on the southern domes. The consecration of the crosses was conducted by the rector of the church, Archpriest Artemon Shendrigailov. Prayers are now held in the church, and the nuns are working to improve the surrounding area.