The wooden Orthodox church, built in Baranovichi in 1908 on the site of the current cathedral, was expanded in 1915 during World War I. However, on the night of May 2, 1921, after the festive evening service of the first day of Easter, the church burned down. In the morning, Orthodox residents of the city gathered at the site of the fire, and the parish decided to restore the church.

The new cathedral was built between 1924 and 1931. The main volume of the cathedral, which is a four-pillar square, is adjoined on the eastern side by three semicircular apses and topped with a hemispherical dome with round windows. The northern and southern facades are adorned with monumental porticos featuring four columns in a stylized Ionic order, framing the side entrances. On the western side, a narrow refectory connects the main volume with a three-tiered bell tower, topped with a hemispherical dome with a spire. The decoration of the bell tower includes corner and paired columns, half-columns, pilasters, and profiled cornices. The main entrance is highlighted by a semicircular tympanum, while the window openings and niches are decorated with architraves featuring triangular pediments.

Beneath the church are extensive basement premises with separate external entrances, including a sacristy under the altar area. The building is adorned with mosaic panels, which have survived with partial loss of smalt. These panels were created between 1902 and 1911 in the St. Petersburg workshop of V. Frolov for the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Warsaw and were transported to Baranovichi in 1926-1927.

At the end of the apse is a mosaic of "The Mother of God with the Child," which is part of the composition "We Rejoice in You," created based on a sketch by V. Vasnetsov. The mosaics "The Savior with the Donor" and "Deisis," executed according to the designs of N. Koshelev, are located in the tympanum of the southern portico and above the northern entrance, respectively. Architect L. Benois is depicted as the donor with a model of the Warsaw Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky. The mosaics "The Mother of God with Angels" and a fragment of the composition "The Cathedral of Archangel Michael," created according to the designs of N. Bruni, are located above the southern entrance and in the tympanum of the northern portico, respectively. On the southern support column is an image of Joseph of Volokolamsk, and on the northern, Metropolitan Alexius, both based on the designs of V. Dumitrashko.

In 1926-1927, part of the famous mosaics from the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Poland, including fragments of panels such as the mosaic by N.A. Koshelev "The Savior with the Donor," was transported to Baranovichi and secured on the walls of the Orthodox church built in 1931 in honor of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin.