In 1589, the first stone Nikolsky Cathedral was erected in the monastery, which was destroyed and burned by the Poles in 1612.

The construction of a new Nikolsky Cathedral on the foundation of the old began in the 1620s, and the consecration took place only in 1677. Today, the Nikolsky Cathedral is a massive five-domed cubic building with two chapels, resembling the temples of Yaroslavl in its composition. In the late 19th century, a porch and a bell tower were added to it.

The cathedral is built of stone, cold and durable, dedicated to Saint Nicholas. It has three chapels: the central one in honor of Saint Nicholas, the left one in honor of the Great Martyr Theodore Stratilates, and the right one in honor of the Archangel Gabriel and the Venerable Mary of Egypt. The church feasts are celebrated on May 9, December 6, February 8, April 1, and March 26. The time of the original construction of the cathedral is unknown, and the chapels of the Archangel Gabriel and the Venerable Mary of Egypt were arranged in 1898. The chapel of the Archangel Gabriel was created with the funds of the Moscow merchant Maria Alexandrovna Guseva. The cathedral houses revered relics: a miraculous icon of Saint Nicholas and a part of his holy relics, collected in a silver reliquary.