In the 19th century, many Old Believers of various denominations, including the Pomorian agreement, lived in the Satkin factory settlement. In 1835, 135 members of the Nikolsk-Uspensk Pomorian community were officially registered, led by elder Anton Alekseevich Alpatov. Services were held in his house. In the 1840s, due to persecution, many Old Believers converted to the True Orthodox faith. In 1848, there were 181 True Orthodox believers in the Satkin factory, and by 1850 their number had grown to 191. A. Alpatov remained the community's leader, and worship continued in his house, which could not accommodate everyone. For major holidays, the True Orthodox believers had to attend the True Orthodox church in the Zlatoust factory.

On March 21, 1850, the True Orthodox believers of Satka submitted a petition to the mining chief for the construction of a prayer house, planning to finance it with contributions from wealthy parishioners. The treasury did not provide support. The exact date of construction is unknown, but it likely occurred in the 1850s. The house soon ceased to meet the needs of the believers, and they appealed to the Ufa Spiritual Consistory with a request to build a new church, attaching blueprints for reconstruction. The documents were sent to architect Telezhnikov at the Main Office of the Zlatoust factories, but the matter was delayed. Finally, on November 4, 1862, a response from Telezhnikov arrived, stating that he had not received the approved plans and facades, and the project had been lost during a move.

In 1906, the issue of building a new brick church was raised again. Akulina Naumovna Bobyleva donated a plot on Bolshaya Street (now Komsomolskaya). If the treasury had allocated part of the factory area, construction would have begun opposite the house of Ivan Stepanovich Alpatov. However, on May 25, 1906, it was decided to build the church on the site of the prayer house. Two years later, on May 25, the laying of the new church in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker took place, consecrated by the archimandrite of the Voskresensky True Orthodox Monastery. The ceremony was attended by Father Blagochinny of the Zlatoust church, parish priest Father Anempodist Murdasov, manager of the Satkin factory A. D. Avramenko, constable I. Trofimov, and parishioners.

One of the contractors for the construction was Fyodor Chirkov. The church was built on a rubble foundation made of red bricks produced at the Satkin factories of I. Alpatov and P. Shchepkin. The building has a weakly expressed cross shape in plan. The painting was done by icon painter Evgeny Lavrentyev. The new church was constructed around the wooden prayer house, where services continued. After the construction was completed in 1913, the old church was dismantled and moved to Monastyrka.

The bell tower was topped with a tent and a cross. The church domes had an onion shape. The central dome was located on a light drum, four smaller ones on octagonal necks, and the sixth on the apse. The building was executed in the 'Neo-Russian' style.

The St. Nicholas Church had six bells, the largest weighing 59 poods 21 pounds, and the smallest, 21 pounds. Inside was a richly gilded iconostasis with 40 icons, of which only one, 'Lord, Sabaoth,' has survived. Among the church utensils were silver and gilded items, which were confiscated in 1921 and sent to aid the starving.

The church was closed in the late 1930s. The bells were removed, and the bell tower and domes were destroyed. The Nicholas Church retained its exterior appearance, although the paintings were painted over. During World War II and for some time afterward, services were held in the church. From 1944 to 1948, it was active, but then it closed again. In the early 1950s, the building was transferred to the 'Zagotzerno' office. A reconstruction into the 'Victory' cinema was planned, but in 1958 the building was handed over to the city local history museum, which saved it from destruction. In 1987, the building was recognized as a monument of local significance. On December 2, 1991, the church was consecrated and became active again.

In 2017, with the establishment of the Zlatoust Diocese, the church of St. Seraphim of Sarov in Zlatoust was granted cathedral status. The same status was given to the Nicholas Church in Satka, as it houses the second cathedral of the diocese.