In 1913, the Russian Empire celebrated the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, and the festivities extended to Yekaterinoslav. The owners of the Bryansk factory, the largest metallurgical enterprise in the city, decided to build a cathedral in honor of St. Nicholas of Myra, the patron saint of Emperor Nicholas II, to emphasize the significance of the factory. Architects Georgy Turowets and Eustafiy Konstantinovich developed the design for the Nicholas Cathedral, known as the 'Bryansk Church.' It was initially planned to be built in the city center, but later it was decided to construct it closer to the factory. The laying of the temple took place on February 21, 1913, construction lasted 28 months, and the cathedral was consecrated on May 17, 1915.

The cathedral became one of the most beautiful buildings in Yekaterinoslav in the early 20th century. People from all over the city came to see it. The architecture of the cathedral combined different styles: baroque forms, neoclassical decor, and Orthodox domes. A clock was installed on the bell tower. Turowets was responsible for the exterior, while Konstantinovich handled the interior and iconostasis. The unique iconostasis, 18 meters long and 7 meters high, was so impressive that its image appeared in the 'Yearbook of the Imperial Society of Architects and Artists' for 1914. Ukrainian artist Ivan Izhakevich painted the walls of the temple. The cathedral could compete with the main churches of the city in size and splendor.

Despite its beauty, the temple looked unusual against the backdrop of low buildings and factory chimneys. However, the factory owners sought to demonstrate the prestige of the enterprise to the emperor. In February 1929, the cathedral was closed. It survived times of religious persecution and has remained to this day. Before the war, the building housed an exhibition of factory products, a Pioneer House, and a children's sports school. From 1941 to 1961, the cathedral was again used for worship, but then it was handed over to the authorities, and the building fell into disrepair.

In 1979, thanks to the efforts of enthusiasts, the cathedral was included in the register of protected architectural monuments. After restoration, it was transformed into a House of Organ and Chamber Music. In 1986, the restoration work was completed, and a 12-ton organ from the 'W. Sauer' company was installed in the building. The first concert took place in 1987. There were 21 court hearings regarding the transfer of the building to the church. In 2006, representatives of the organ company estimated the relocation of the instrument at 163 thousand euros.

In March 2011, the building was transferred to the ownership of the Orthodox community, which committed to maintaining the operation of the House of Organ Music. Metropolitan Iriney assured that the organ would remain in the temple until a new building was constructed for it. Since March 14, 2013, regular worship services have been held in the basement of the temple.