The Kazan Cathedral was built in the Russian style of the late 1880s and 1890s, which favored ornamentation. The architect was Vasily Antonovich Kosiakov.

The main building of the three-altar church has a square shape, complicated on the west side by a narthex, which is slightly lower than the main volume, and on the east side by a three-part apse with a surrounding gallery, also lower than the apses themselves. The church has three identical entrances: the main one from the west and two side ones from the north and south, each accessed by a high staircase. The staircase at the west entrance is straight and wide, while the side ones are narrow with two flights. Three arched porches with weights rest on carved columns, topped with steep triangular pediments. The cathedral features high, narrow, slit-like windows. The windows on the first floor are framed with decorative casings. In the center of all facades, except for the western one, there is a large keel-shaped zakomara. The northern, western, and southern facades have large carved pediments formed by two pilasters that connect with a semicircle at the top. The pilasters are adorned with decorative strips. Cornices with dentils run along three facades. The building is crowned with a powerful five-domed structure. Initially, all drums were light-filled, but after the restoration of the domes in the late 20th century, the windows of the four smaller domes were bricked up. Now only the central dome remains light-filled, open to the interior space. The bases of the side domes are decorated with bands of kokoshniks. One of the side domes now serves as a bell tower. The church is raised on a high plinth and made of red brick with lace masonry. Instead of facing tiles, the cathedral was painted a golden-sandy color, which has peeled over time and remains only in places. The external decoration of the cathedral is characterized by symmetry and proportionality.

Originally, the church was conceived as a winter one, with two large stoves installed in the basement and chimneys laid in the walls. However, too much wood and coal were required for heating, so it was only used as a summer church.

The interior decoration of the cathedral has always been modest. Only the altar part was painted, while the rest of the space was painted white. Previously, the columns and cornices were adorned with plaster ornaments. The church had a high six-step solea with a two-tiered iconostasis, which has not survived. The solea was finished with colored tiles. Colored glass is rarely found in the windows. A massive copper chandelier, now lost, hung from four powerful chains from the intersecting arches of the vaults supporting the dome. The intersections of the arch vaults were also decorated with plasterwork. On the roof of the cathedral, the central light dome is surrounded by a covered gallery with exits to the space of the side domes. The choir is located on the western wall.

Currently, a small museum of the treasures of the Danilov Monastery is located along the northern wall of the cathedral, which were preserved after its closure. These mainly include household items and personal belongings of former abbots and sisters: clothing, dishes, a sewing machine, and others.

Between the southern and western walls inside the cathedral, a small church has been arranged, where services are currently held. The church is heated, allowing services to be conducted year-round. It was painted by local artist Vladimir Sereda in 2005.