The majestic cathedral with fifteen domes was built thanks to the generosity of the famous Moscow merchant Sergey Vasilyevich Perlov. The church is designed in the Russian style and adorned with decorative kokoshniks, semi-columns, pediments, cornices, and patterned casings of arched windows. On the northern and southern sides of the building are stylized porches with tent-like roofs and crosses. The consecration of the cathedral took place on October 24, 1902, conducted by the Kaluga Bishop Benjamin.

In difficult times, the church, like the entire monastery, suffered greatly: it was desecrated and stripped of its domes. With the beginning of the monastery's revival, the restoration of the church also began. On August 13, 2005, His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Russia consecrated the main altar in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, as well as two chapels: the right in honor of Saints Nicholas of Myra and Ambrose of Milan, and the left in honor of the holy martyrs Ignatius the Godbearer and Polycarp of Smyrna. On August 9-10, 2014, His Grace Archbishop Theognost consecrated the upper chapels: the right in memory of Saint Anna, the mother of the Most Holy Theotokos, and the venerable Sergius and Nikon, abbots of Radonezh, and the left in honor of Saint Elizabeth, the mother of John the Baptist, as well as the holy venerable martyr Elizabeth and the nun Barbara.

Most of the interior decoration of the church is still being created in the monastery's workshops. To adorn the church, the sisters paint icons for the iconostasis and kiots, embroider beadwork for the covers, create stained glass, make bas-relief kiots in the metalworking shop, and embroider shrouds and banners in the gold embroidery workshop.