The Iver Icon of the Mother of God Cathedral is the main church of the monastery. It was built on the site of an old cathedral that had fallen into disrepair, at the initiative of Saint Ignatius Bryanchaninov. The project was developed by architect I.I. Gornostayev, invited from St. Petersburg. He was part of a famous family of architects, among whom A.M. Gornostayev is the most renowned. Construction began in 1865, and the consecration of the church took place in 1877, after the deaths of Ignatius and I.I. Gornostayev.

The Iver Cathedral is a unique architectural structure. It is a two-story church, where on the upper floor, in addition to the main altar, there were two more: in honor of the Not-Made-By-Hands Image of the Savior, consecrated in 1893, and of the martyr Alexandra. The lower church was consecrated in honor of the Nativity of Christ and also had altars in honor of the Meeting of the Lord and Saint Ignatius the Godbearer. The dome of the church, shaped like an archbishop's mitre, is adorned with images of revered icons of the Most Holy Theotokos.

On the site of the destroyed church, a new Iver Church was built. In March 2014, Metropolitan Panteleimon of Yaroslavl and Rostov held the Divine Liturgy there for the first time. On May 17, he performed the rite of the Great Consecration of the church and served the Divine Liturgy in the renovated Iver Church.