The Annunciation Cathedral, designed in a classical style with provincial features, is one of the characteristic examples of a centralized church from the early 19th century, adorned with columned porticos on all facades. The main volume of the building, a squat four-pillar square, was originally topped with five domes. Rectangular apses and a narthex of equal size adjoin it from the east and west. Currently, the building has been altered due to brick extensions from the Soviet era, the eastern portico has been lost, and only the central light octagon with narrower diagonal faces, covered by a hemispherical roof with half-domes typical of classicism, remains from the five-domed completion.

The facades of the building feature a concise decor. The central parts of the northern, southern, and western facades are highlighted by flat risalits corresponding to the expanded central inter-dome four-column Tuscan porticos. The columns of the porticos, set on pedestals, have profiled white stone bases and capitals that support a massive entablature with a wide cornice of rough design. The triangular pediments of the porticos have been dismantled, and the existing pediment on the western facade was built during the Soviet era. Rectangular windows without framing are decorated with niches under the sills. In the center of the facades on the risalits, there are triple windows with narrower side openings. On the faces of the octagon, oriented towards the cardinal directions, there are also triple windows with arched central openings.

Inside, four powerful columns of complex shape support the octagon that crowns the temple, organizing the interior space in the form of an unequal-armed cross. The "arms" of the cross are covered with cross vaults, while the intersections are covered with half-vaults. The covering of the octagon, which previously opened into the interior of the temple, is hidden by a later ceiling.